Infrastructure Machines: Difference between revisions

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set date/time to GMT
set date/time to GMT


enable serial console output (115200)
enable serial console output (baud rate 115200)


=== Install OS ===
=== Install OS ===

Revision as of 16:22, 21 November 2012

firewall (newgateway)

Located at castle, this machine is the primary (only) firewall for the entire network at castle. It has 3 network connections (2 onboard, 1 PCI) connecting to the external, internal and private networks. If you're looking at the back of the server, the internal-network-facing nic is on the right (em1), and the external-facing-network (3750) is on the left (em0).

The server is running FreeBSD 4.11 x86, has a 36 GB (2 x 36GB) RAID1 array running on an Adaptec 2120S PCI RAID card. Both drives are hotswap. Server has dual-power supplies. Priv IP: 10.1.4.223, Pub IPs: 69.55.233.164 (external), 69.55.233.156 (internal).

Services Provided

  • firewall (ipfw)
  • snmp

Firewall Rule Configuration

See FreeBSD_Reference#Firewall_Rule_Configuration for more discussion on how to actually manipulate firewall rules.

Disaster Recovery

If there is ever an outage with the firewall, the old firewall "gate" is located just below and is running with the proper network configuration, but with no firewall rules in place (to facilitate good throughput). Have castle move the cable on the left on the current firewall to the left port in the old firewall and the right cable to the right port.

Here's what you need to put in /etc/rc.conf to get a firewall going (as far as routes and IPs) 

hostname="newgateway.johncompanies.com"
firewall_script="/etc/firewall.sh"
firewall_enable="NO"
sendmail_enable="NONE"
sshd_enable="YES"
inetd_enable="NO"
xntpd_enable="YES"
snmpd_enable="YES"
#snmpd_flags="-as -p /var/run/snmpd.pid"
#ipnat_enable="YES"
#ipnat_rules="/etc/ipnat.rules"
gateway_enable="YES"

defaultrouter="69.55.233.161"

ifconfig_xl0="inet 10.1.4.223 netmask 255.255.255.0"
ifconfig_em0="inet 69.55.233.164 netmask 255.255.255.248"

#
# Original JohnCompanies 69.55.224.0/20
#
ifconfig_em1="inet 69.55.233.156 netmask 255.255.255.248"

static_routes="route1 route2 route3 route4 route5 route6 route7 route8 route9 route10 route11 route1
2 route13 route14 route15 route16 route17 route18"

route_route1="-net 69.55.224.0 69.55.233.153"
route_route2="-net 69.55.225.0 69.55.233.153"
route_route3="-net 69.55.226.0 69.55.233.153"
route_route4="-net 69.55.227.0 69.55.233.153"
route_route5="-net 69.55.228.0 69.55.233.153"
route_route6="-net 69.55.229.0 69.55.233.153"
route_route7="-net 69.55.230.0 69.55.233.153"
route_route8="-net 69.55.231.0 69.55.233.153"
route_route9="-net 69.55.232.0 69.55.233.153"
route_route10="-net 69.55.233.0 69.55.233.153"
route_route11="-net 69.55.234.0 69.55.233.153"
route_route12="-net 69.55.235.0 69.55.233.153"
route_route13="-net 69.55.236.0 69.55.233.153"
route_route14="-net 69.55.237.0 69.55.233.153"
route_route15="-net 69.55.238.0 69.55.233.153"
route_route16="-net 69.55.239.0 69.55.233.153"
route_route17="-net 10.1.5.0 10.1.4.2"
route_route18="-net 10.1.6.0 10.1.4.2"


#In case of 3750 failure:
#defaultrouter="69.43.128.81"
#ifconfig_em0="inet 69.43.129.84 netmask 255.255.255.248"

#bind .1's here:
#ifconfig_em1="inet 69.55.224.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"
#ifconfig_em1_alias0="inet 69.55.225.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"
#ifconfig_em1_alias1="inet 69.55.226.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"
#ifconfig_em1_alias2="inet 69.55.227.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"
#ifconfig_em1_alias3="inet 69.55.228.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"
#ifconfig_em1_alias4="inet 69.55.229.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"
#ifconfig_em1_alias5="inet 69.55.230.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"
#ifconfig_em1_alias6="inet 69.55.231.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"
#ifconfig_em1_alias7="inet 69.55.232.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"
#ifconfig_em1_alias8="inet 69.55.233.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"
#ifconfig_em1_alias9="inet 69.55.234.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"
#ifconfig_em1_alias10="inet 69.55.235.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"
#ifconfig_em1_alias11="inet 69.55.236.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"
#ifconfig_em1_alias12="inet 69.55.237.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"
#ifconfig_em1_alias13="inet 69.55.238.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"
#ifconfig_em1_alias14="inet 69.55.239.1 netmask 255.255.255.0"

#bulk:
# reassign 69.55.231.1 to the int iface on the firewall
# set the DG on the firewall to 69.43.138.9
# set the ext firewall IP to 69.43.138.12, NM: 255.255.255.248

Cronjobs

1 0 * * * /usr/local/etc/rsync.backup

Backup to backup1 

0 0 1 * * /sbin/ipfw zero
0 0 1 * * /sbin/ipfw del 3  4 5 17331

Reset counters and remove pipe rules on the 1st of the month. Pay attention when setting up a rule as 3 4 5 (that's not a temporary traffic cap).

Inside /etc/daily.local you will see a call to /etc/makepiperules.pl This script will create /etc/firewall.sh which contains all the firewall and pipe rules in place at the time the script was run.

DOS attacks

See FreeBSD_Reference#Handling_a_DoS_attack regarding how to handle a DOS attack.

Theres a background process (running from user shell) that monitors the firewall for incoming UDP DoS attacks. When it notices packets above a certain level it will

  1. enter a rule that allows all UDP to go through
  2. send an emergency email to support and indicating an attack is in progress
  3. send an email to castle (nocstaff@castleaccess.com and jcsupport@castleaccess.com) telling them to investigate and put up a null if warranted
  4. wait for a couple minutes to see if the attack subsides- if so it will remove the pass-all UDP rule, if not it will repeat the process from #1

This file lives under /usr/home/user/doswatch.pl To run: 

cd /usr/home/user
./doswatch.pl &

To kill; 

fg
^C

It writes its findings to /usr/home/user/doswatch.log

backup1

Located at castle, this machine acts as the primary backup location for all VPS-based customers. No customer directly accesses this server to perform their backups. We also store cancelled customers on this server. It is running Ubuntu-Server 8.04 x86, and has a 4.5 TB (6 x 1TB) RAID5 array running on a 3ware 9650SE-8LPML (8-port) card. Its drives are hot-swap. Priv IP: 10.1.4.8, Pub IP: 69.55.230.11 (firewalled from all but JC infrastructure @ i2b)

Services provided

  • backup via rsync
  • mysql
  • nfs
  • snmp

Usage and Notes

  • all data is stored under /data
  • virtually all jc infrastructure, and all VPS machines are setup to mount to backup1 via nfs (mountpoint: /backup1), and they all have their ssh keys setup to allow passwordless rsync's
  • each virt or jail backs up each evening to backup1. Each server has it's own directory (named for the server). Under those directories are 7 daily snapshots (0-6)
  • at the time of writing, the mysql server running here is replicating from (slave to) the mysql instance on bwdb. Requests for bandwidth data usage for customers (coming from management, account manager, and accounting scripts running on mail) all direct towards the database "traffic" running on this server.
  • cancelled customer systems are compressed and stored under /data/deprecated
  • archived bwdb2 flow files are stored under /data/bwdb2
  • critical files from backup2 are stored under /data/backup2

Cronjobs

00 5 * * * /usr/local/sbin/backupwatch.pl 2>&1 > /dev/null
35 5 * * * /usr/local/sbin/usage_check; /usr/local/sbin/snapshot_archive; /usr/local/sbin/snapshot_rotate  /data/backuplog.log

this runs daily the scripts to report on how much disk space each customer system occupies and how long their backups took. Then it rotates backups for each system, removing the oldest backup. 

10,25,40,55 * * * * /usr/local/sbin/processsql.pl

this processes prepared sql command files sent from/by bwdb2 (@ i2b) and imports them into the traffic database. 

0 0 * * * /usr/local/sbin/3wraidchk

checks the health of the RAID array

Regular maintenance

backup2

Located at castle, this machine is used for archiving data and is a backup server for colo customers. It was the former primary backup location for all VPS-based customers before backup1 was installed. Only dedicated customers directly accesses this server to perform their backups. It is running FreeBSD 6.1 x86, and has the following arrays and controllers:

3ware 7500-8:

  • 200 GB JBOD (1 x 200G) labeled 0-0
  • 500 GB RAID5 (3 x 250G) 0-1 thru 0-3
  • 700 GB RAID5 (4 x 250G) 0-4 thru 0-7

3ware 7500-8:

  • 700 GB RAID5 (4 x 250G) 1-0 thru 1-3
  • 700 GB RAID5 (4 x 250G) 1-4 thru 1-7

All drives MUST be western digital IDE drives. Other brands will not fit. All are hot-swap. Priv IP: 10.1.4.3, Pub IP: 69.55.230.10 (firewalled from all but JC network at i2b and castle)

Services provided

  • backup via rsync and nfs
  • samba
  • nfs
  • snmp

Usage

  • all data is stored under 4 mount points, corresponding to the 4 large RAID5 arrays: /mnt/data1 /mnt/data2 /mnt/data3 /mnt/data4
  • iso images provided for customers wanting to mount an ISO as a CDROM via the IPKVM are provided via samba on this server. Images live under /mnt/data2/iso
  • this used to be our primary backup server so you will see old backups from virt and jails around- missing customer data though, just the machine's data
  • this server serves as an archive for exported db data from bwdb and old flow files.
  • isys backs up here
  • customers are nfs-moutned under /mnt/data3/customers as file-backed md devices
  • in /mnt/data4 there are lots of useful things used for building our vps servers, customer servers, and management scripts:
    • /bin: the master repository of scripts and custom binaries we use on jails and virts. Each night every virt and jail rsync's what's in here to update the local files. So any global updates to scripts would need to be made here (or will be overwritten with what's in here)
    • /build: files we use for setting up big brother, 3ware cli and scripts for colo's, vzcp customized setup files and so on
    • /vzrpms: contains the OS templates for many-to-most of the OS's we offer on vz systems

Cronjobs

  • backs itself up nightly to nfs-mounted backup1 (mountpoint: /backup2)

Regular maintenance


backup3

Located at i2b, this machine is used for archiving data, is a backup server for colo customers, runs a samba server to make available iso's to the IPKVMs, and allows us to connect to the digi serial multiplexer at i2b. Only dedicated customers directly accesses this server to perform their backups. It is running Ubuntu TODO, and has the following arrays and controllers:

All drives are hot-swap. Priv IP: 10.1.2.3, Pub IPs: 69.55.229.4 AND 69.55.231.2

Services provided

  • backup via rsync and nfs
  • samba
  • nfs
  • digi realport
  • snmp

Usage

  • all data is stored under /data
  • iso images provided for customers wanting to mount an ISO as a CDROM via the IPKVM are provided via samba on this server. Images live under /data/iso
  • this server serves as an archive for exported db data from bwdb and old flow files.
  • inftrastructure machines at i2b back up here
  • customers are nfs-moutned under /data/customers as file-backed loopback devices

management scripts

  • mkbackups

Cronjobs

0 0 * * * /usr/local/sbin/3wraidchk

RAID checks 

35 4 * * * /usr/local/sbin/snapshot_archive

Rotate daily snapshots for infrastructure machine backups

Regular maintenance

Build

BIOS Config

disable quiet boot

set to last state after power loss

set date/time to GMT

enable serial console output (baud rate 115200)

Install OS

Ubuntu 10.04
10G / ext3
2G swap
~ /data ext4

Install packages

apt-get update
apt-get upgrade
apt-get install gcc
apt-get install libssl-dev
apt-get install libncurses5-dev
apt-get install cu
apt-get install snmp snmpd ntp nfs-kernel-server

tweak grub, enable serial

vi /etc/default/grub
#GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="max_loop=64"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="console=tty0 console=ttyS0"
update-grub
echo "start on stopped rc RUNLEVEL=[2345]
stop on runlevel [!2345]
respawn
exec /sbin/getty -L ttyS0 38400 vt102" > /etc/init/ttyS0.conf

install realport (digi) driver

give the digi an ip with DgIpServ.exe 

cd /usr/src/
wget ftp://ftp1.digi.com/support/beta/linux/dgrp/dgrp-1.9.tgz
tar xzf dgrp-1.9.tgz 
cd dgrp-1.9/
./configure
make
make install
make postinstall
update-rc.d dgrp_daemon defaults

configure ports: 

dgrp_cfg_node init el 10.1.2.10 16

try connecting with: 

cu -l /dev/ttyel00 -s 38400

shell, ntp, ssh key, hosts

Shell autocompletion search: 

echo "\"\e[5~\": history-search-backward" >> ~/.inputrc
echo "\"\e[6~\": history-search-forward" >> ~/.inputrc

Setup ntp: 

vi /etc/ntp.conf
server 10.1.2.1
server ntp.ubuntu.com

Generate ssh keys: 

cd /root/
ssh-keygen -t dsa

Setup hosts: 

echo "69.55.230.10 backup2" >> /etc/hosts
echo "69.55.230.11 backup1" >> /etc/hosts
echo "10.1.2.4 bwdb2" >> /etc/hosts
echo "10.1.2.3 backup3" >> /etc/hosts

Copy keys to servers where we need passwordless login: 

cat .ssh/id_dsa.pub | ssh backup2 'cat - >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys' 
cat .ssh/id_dsa.pub | ssh backup1 'cat - >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys'

Setup shell: 

vi /root/.bashrc
export PS1="[\u@\h \w]# "
alias h='history'
alias vi='vim'
alias j='jobs'
export PS1="[\u@\h \w]# "
alias dr='screen -dr'
export EDITOR=vim
export GREP_OPTIONS='--color=auto'
export HISTFILESIZE=1000

alias tip-switch-p20='cu -l ttyel00 -s 9600'
alias tip-firewall2='cu -l ttyel01 -s 115200'
alias tip-nat2='cu -l /dev/ttyel02 -s 115200'
alias tip-backup3='cu -l ttyel04 -s 38400'
alias tip-bwdb2='cu -l ttyel03 -s 115200'

Load new shell: 

source /root/.bashrc

Setup snmpd: echo 'rocommunity jcread 10.1.4.5 rocommunity jcread 10.1.4.3 agentaddress 10.1.4.8:161' > /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf

to see which iface it is, on backup2:

snmpwalk -v 1 -c jcread 10.1.4.8 interface

nfs

Allow mounts from private net: 

echo '/data 10.1.2.0/24(rw,no_root_squash,async,no_subtree_check)' >> /etc/exports

Restart nfsd: 

/etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart

bb

Add user, group: 

echo "bb:x:1984:1984:Big Brother:/home/bb:/bin/bash" >> /etc/passwd
echo "bb:x:1984:" >> /etc/group
pwconv

Create home: 

mkdir /home/bb
chown bb.bb /home/bb
cd ~bb

Copy over and install files: 

scp backup2:/mnt/data4/build/bb/bb-linux.tar .
tar xf bb-linux.tar
cd /home/bb/bbc1.9e-btf/etc

Configure main bb server: 

echo "69.55.230.2 mail.johncompanies.com # BBPAGER BBNET BBDISPLAY smtp ssh" > /home/bb/bbc1.9e-btf/etc/bb-hosts
echo "10.1.2.3 backup3.johncompanies.com # ssh" >> /home/bb/bbc1.9e-btf/etc/bb-hosts

Configure low disk alerts: 

echo "/:90:95
/var:90:95
/data:85:99" > /home/bb/bbc1.9e-btf/etc/bb-dftab
vi /home/bb/bbc1.9e-btf/bin/bb-disk.sh

(remove all | SORT xxxx since SORT is broken) 

chmod +r /var/log/messages

./bbchkcfg.sh

(y to questions) 

./bbchkhosts.sh

(ignore ssh errors) 

cd ../..
chown -R bb .
su bb
cd
cd bbc1.9e-btf/src
make; make install
cd ..
./runbb.sh start
more BBOUT

(look for errors) 

exit

vi /etc/rc.local
su - bb -c "cd /home/bb/bbc1.9e-btf; ./runbb.sh start"

echo 'chmod o+r /var/log/messages' >> /etc/cron.weekly/sysklogd

Add f/w rule: 

ipfw add 00096 allow ip from { 69.55.229.4 or 69.55.229.3 } to 69.55.230.2 1984

vi ~/bbc1.9e-btf/etc/bbdef-client.sh
DFWARN=199
DFPANIC=199


tw_cli and raid check

scp backup1:/usr/local/sbin/tw_cli /usr/local/sbin/tw_cli scp backup1:/usr/local/sbin/checkraid.sh /usr/local/sbin/checkraid.sh scp backup1:/usr/local/sbin/3wraidchk /usr/local/sbin/3wraidchk vi /usr/local/sbin/checkraid.sh

%s/c0/c2/g

crontab -e 0 0 * * * /usr/local/sbin/3wraidchk

misc binaries

scp backup1:/usr/local/sbin/snapshot_archive /usr/local/sbin/snapshot_archive
vi /usr/local/sbin/snapshot_archive

(remove entries) 

crontab -e
35 4 * * * /usr/local/sbin/snapshot_archive

scp backup1:/usr/local/sbin/pagedave /usr/local/sbin/pagedave
scp backup1:/usr/local/sbin/taskdone /usr/local/sbin/taskdone


mkbackup

mkdir /data/customers

cat > /usr/local/sbin/mkbackups
#!/bin/sh

if test $1; then
  cid=$1
else
  echo "ERROR: Usage: mkbackup cid GB ip  Terminating."
  exit
fi

if test $2; then
  gb=$2
else
  echo "ERROR: Usage: mkbackup cid GB ip  Terminating."
  exit
fi

if test $3; then
  ip=$3
else
  echo "ERROR: Usage: mkbackup cid GB ip  Terminating."
  exit
fi


if test -e /data/customers/${cid}-file; then
  echo "ERROR: /data/customers/${cid}-file exists"
  exit
else
  echo "touch /data/customers/${cid}-file"
  touch /data/customers/${cid}-file
  count=`echo $gb|awk '{print $1*1000}'`
  echo "dd if=/dev/zero of=/data/customers/${cid}-file bs=1024K count=$count"
  dd if=/dev/zero of=/data/customers/${cid}-file bs=1024K count=$count
  echo "/sbin/mkfs -t ext3 -F -j -q /data/customers/${cid}-file"
  /sbin/mkfs -t ext3 -F -j -q /data/customers/${cid}-file
fi

if test -e /data/customers/$cid; then
  echo "ERROR: /data/customers/$cid exists"
  exit
else
  echo "mkdir /data/customers/${cid}"
  mkdir /data/customers/${cid}
  echo "mount -o loop /data/customers/${cid}-file /data/customers/$cid"
  mount -o loop /data/customers/${cid}-file /data/customers/$cid
  df -h /data/customers/$cid

  echo "fsck -y /data/customers/${cid}-file" >> /etc/nfs_backup_mounts.sh
  echo "mount -o loop /data/customers/${cid}-file /data/customers/$cid" >> /etc/nfs_backup_mounts.sh
  echo "" >> /etc/nfs_backup_mounts.sh

  echo "/data/customers/$cid $ip/32(rw,no_root_squash,async,no_subtree_check)" >> /etc/exports
  /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart
  tail /var/log/messages
fi
chmod 0700 /usr/local/sbin/mkbackup

vi /etc/rc.local

add: 

/etc/nfs_backup_mounts.sh

samba

apt-get install samba

vi /etc/samba/smb.conf
comment out any mounts, add
[data]
   read only = yes
   locking = no
   path = /data/iso
   guest ok = yes
/etc/init.d/smbd restart

mkdir /data/iso

Bring over some stuff from backup2 

cd /data/iso
scp backup2:/d2/iso/3wfirmware.iso .
scp backup2:/d2/iso/MD5SUMS .
scp backup2:/d2/iso/bootimg.iso .
scp backup2:/d2/iso/systemrescuecd-x86-0.2.19.iso .
scp backup2:/d2/iso/win98bootcd.iso .
scp backup2:/d2/iso/acronis_bootdisk.iso .
scp backup2:/d2/iso/memtest86-3.2.iso .

add ns3c to resolv.conf and /etc/network/interfaces

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